better yet, get rid of the comments all together. having no comments saves you from having to moderate them and it's just not worth it. if you're writing anything tech related and worthwhile you can just proxy the discussion to HN ;)
Not really a great option. People only really see stuff on HN that's relatively fresh so anyone coming in after the initial wave of engagement dies down won't see any discussion.
If people have to request to be able to contact you, it is not a public inbox anymore. This is the way most walled gardens work, you have a separate step before you can interact, so it works, but it lacks some of the affordances of the public inbox model of email or blog posts, such as allowing anonymity.
That technique hasn't worked for years. Try setting up a vanilla WordPress installation with the most popular forms plugins. The only anti-spam measure that works is reCaptcha v. 3.
For WordPress there are plugins like Akismet (a service), Antispam Bee (local), etc, that are pretty good at filtering spam without the need to display annoying captchas.
that's just a tell that you value ease of moderation and selling your potential community members out to G more than inviting new members to your community. certainly telling of the person running the blog.
i've had success with bayesian filters and shadowbanning myself, but it does require some effort.