Superficially the first thing that most developers I've spoken to notice is JSX vs HTML-based templating. But both frameworks are very similar. I started with Vue and when I took a job which used React I found that I already knew how things worked.
Beyond that, I would say the biggest difference between the two is that Vue is the scope of the framework. Vue includes much more in the framework itself and as first-party helper libraries whereas React relies heavily on third-party packages of which there often many competing options and which one is used varies from company to company and project to project.
Beyond that, I would say the biggest difference between the two is that Vue is the scope of the framework. Vue includes much more in the framework itself and as first-party helper libraries whereas React relies heavily on third-party packages of which there often many competing options and which one is used varies from company to company and project to project.