The thing about Apple is it is pretty clear the company is not a giant fraud, as they have a long track record of shipping functioning products. The company started by shipping a product.
Theranos, by contrast, did not have anything functioning. Ubiome seeks not to have either though I admit it is less clear a case without expertise.
You don't start working with a company if you suspect fraud. The point is secrets and a need to know basis like this is not uncommon in legit businesses. It's not a sign of a company being fraudelant.
As far as Theranos goes I would lay a lot of blame on big shot investors and the press. they had access or should have asked for way more access than the little employee.
Even if you work there and have a bad feeling you are probably doubting yourself quickly when you read that you are actually working for the hottest company in SV.
I.e, I imagine a lot of Apple corporate culture has similar restrictions, yet as far as we know, they're not committing fraud like that.