Are 8 hour shifts healthy for patients? More handovers is strongly correlated with poorer patient outcomes. We need to strike a balance between the falloff in ability that comes with consecutive hours awake past a certain point, and minimizing handover.
NHS doctors will typically have a significant part of their rota made up of 'long days'. The 'solution' is never 24/7, or less hyperbolic but still overly long hours, because there is a median decrease in cognitive function that
renders additional benefit from fewer handovers moot.
But as regards 'overworking', while that is certainly true for many US residents in particular, I think the majority of people would be overworked on a surgeon's schedule. Yet reducing it significantly would probably be much worse for patients and decried by surgeons. My viewpoint is mostly informed by the British neurosurgeon Henry Marsh's opinion on working hours.
You’re not wrong, but when doctors work longer shifts, they work fewer days of the week. The total weekly hours are the same, they are just distributed differently.