Good point! Guido mentioned that maybe in the future, the new "mini-JIT" in CPython might be able to leverage the type hints. I also want to have this as a thesis topic for my students, to try it out.
That would be interesting! You might already be aware. But there's mypyc[0], which is an AOT compiler for Python code with type hints (that, IIRC, mypy uses to compile itself into a native extension).
Wanted to give you a head-start on the lit-review for your students I guess :)