My experience is that I was unable to debug Maestral (a Python program) crashing in native Cocoa bindings in LLDB, because the interpreter did not allow itself to be debugged. Mozilla says Firefox acts the same way at https://firefox-source-docs.mozilla.org/contributing/debuggi.... It's possible there's some workaround I'm not aware of, but I ended up disabling SIP just like every non-macOS computer I own.

Were you debugging a local install of python, or the default python installed as a part of the OS?

If the latter, it's definitely a footgun but you shouldn't be using it for applications. It's a legacy binary for scripts.

You can't debug system processes or anything with the hardened runtime enabled.