There's no universal best option, here. Even two different pictures of the same thing at slightly different angles might look best with different upscaling algorithms. There are also variants on the smoother one to favor certain kinds of transitions. Really, though, all of those options suck. AI-powered options in Photoshop (much more controllable and reliable than SD or the like) actually invent details, so if provenance or accuracy is not important, (as it would be in a historic artifact, legal document, piece of visual art, or unique artisinal product,) that's always a possibility, but most projects have too many images to make tweaking each one individually viable.
Except in extremely rare situations, I flat-out refuse to work with low-quality source images in my design jobs. They can either give me a proper source image, pay me to rebuild it in a vector program if it's a logo or similar, or go down to the local sign shop and get someone to "design" something for them using a template. Most people end up having a higher quality copy around and just didn't know the difference between that and the screenshot they took of it, or the thumbnail they downloaded. At 300DPI with 4 colors, those flaws are glaringly obvious compared to screen resolution and sRGB color representation.
Except in extremely rare situations, I flat-out refuse to work with low-quality source images in my design jobs. They can either give me a proper source image, pay me to rebuild it in a vector program if it's a logo or similar, or go down to the local sign shop and get someone to "design" something for them using a template. Most people end up having a higher quality copy around and just didn't know the difference between that and the screenshot they took of it, or the thumbnail they downloaded. At 300DPI with 4 colors, those flaws are glaringly obvious compared to screen resolution and sRGB color representation.