According to [1], the optimization done in the Soviet Union (the largest planned economy) was based on linear programming.

[1]: https://www.rtsg.media/p/soviet-planning-demystified

But this subthread is not about what they were using but about localized names for computer programming vs other forms of programming.

Also I don't think Soviet examples help because I don't think the last few soviet dictators before the iron curtain's fall were against computers, while Ceausescu definitely was.